ReFlex Guidebook
The ReFlex Guidebook for the replication of use-cases tackling the flexibility challenge in smart energy systems is based on the ReFlex project, which aimed to develop a replicability guideline for the deployment of technologically feasible, market-based and user-friendly solutions for smart grids with a high level of flexibility. The focus was put on grids with an expectedly high level of renewable energy production which is effectively and efficiently used locally through mixes of measures from voltage regulation, demand response, energy management and storage.
in eight demo sites in Austria (AT), Germany (DE), Sweden (SE) and Switzerland (CH). Four of them – Salzburg-Köstendorf (AT), Island of Gotland (SE) and Malmö-Hyllie (SE), Lausanne-Rolle (CH) – involved demo sites situated in larger areas with a distribution system operator (DSO) as the main project partner. The other four of them – Biel-Benken (CH), Güssing (AT), Hartberg (AT) and Wüstenrot (DE) – are situated in smaller areas with less than 15,000 inhabitants involving private and public owned energy utilities, which did not have to unbundle grid operation from energy supply.
Phase-Sensitive Enabling of Household Engagement in Smart Grids
Today, flexibility in energy end-use, particularly by households, is not sufficiently stimulated in many countries. Hence system-level benefits such as reduced electricity bills, better integration of renewable electricity generation and lowering of grid costs, are not realized.
Why We Do Not Know Much about the Social Dimension of Smart Grids Transition?
Dealing with smart grids transitions, three years of activity of Annex 7 make it evident that policy makers are having many important questions about the dynamics of institutional change which need new answers.
