Active Distribution Networks
Definition
Active Distribution Networks (ADNs) represent the modern evolution of traditional distribution grids, characterized by the integration of numerous Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) and bidirectional power flows. Unlike conventional power grids, which were not originally designed to accommodate these complexities, ADNs must address the operational challenges posed by the growing presence of DERs.
In addition to DERs, new types of loads—such as heat pumps and electric vehicles (EVs)—introduce significant strain on distribution grids due to their high demand. These challenges underscore the critical need for enhanced observability and control capabilities within distribution systems. Regulations aimed at improving grid operation increasingly emphasize the importance of deploying advanced measurement equipment across distribution grids. Furthermore, the transition to ADNs heavily relies on robust Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructures to enable real-time monitoring, control, and coordination.
Challenges
The transformation to Active Distribution Networks involves addressing the following key challenges:
- Enhanced Measurement Deployment: Increasing the installation of measurement equipment to improve grid observability and facilitate better decision-making.
- Real-Time Flexibility Control: Developing methods to control grid flexibilities in real time, aligned with the requirements of system operators.
- Simultaneity Management: Addressing the high simultaneity impact of new loads such as EVs and heat pumps on grid stability and capacity.
- Communication Infrastructure: Defining the baseline communication infrastructure needed to support ADN operations, including reliability, scalability, and security.
- Information Transfer Frequency: Determining optimal data exchange frequencies between grid actors to ensure timely and efficient communication.
- Flexibility Control Frequency: Establishing appropriate intervals for controlling available grid flexibility to balance demand and supply dynamically.
