Electric Vehicles (EVs) are a transformative component of modern energy systems, representing a key driver in the global transition toward decarbonized transportation and energy. Beyond serving as sustainable transport solutions, EVs have emerged as integral parts of the power grid ecosystem, capable of providing innovative grid-support services through their charging infrastructure.
EV charging stations, ranging from residential chargers to ultra-fast public charging hubs, serve as critical interfaces between EVs and the power grid. With advancements in EV technology, charging stations now include capabilities like Vehicle-to-X (V2X), enabling bidirectional energy flows. This allows EVs to support various applications such as V2Grid, V2Home, V2Device, …
Additionally, cutting-edge charging stations and EVs are now being explored for their grid-forming capabilities, allowing them to contribute to grid stability and resilience. By establishing voltage and frequency in microgrid or isolated grid scenarios, EVs with grid-forming inverters can play a role in maintaining power quality and stability.
As EV penetration grows, their collective impact on the grid necessitates robust testing, interoperability validation, and the development of standards to ensure reliable integration with existing and future power systems.